/*
 * An integer multiplier for FloPoCo
 *
 * Authors : Bogdan Pasca, Sebastian Banescu
 *
 * This file is part of the FloPoCo project developed by the Arenaire
 * team at Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or 
 * (at your option) any later version.
 * 
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  
 */

#include <typeinfo>
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <vector>
#include <math.h>
#include <gmp.h>
#include <mpfr.h>
#include <gmpxx.h>
#include "utils.hpp"
#include "Operator.hpp"
#include "IntMultiplier.hpp"

using namespace std;

namespace flopoco{

	extern vector<Operator*> oplist;

	IntMultiplier:: IntMultiplier(Target* target, int wInX, int wInY) :
		Operator(target), wInX_(wInX), wInY_(wInY), wOut_(wInX + wInY){
 
		ostringstream name;

		/* Name Setup procedure
		 *  The name has the format: IntMultiplier_wInX_wInY
		 *  wInX = width of the X input
		 *  wInY = width of the Y input
		 */  
		name <<"IntMultiplier_"<<wInX_<<"_"<<wInY_;
		setName(name.str());
	
		setCopyrightString("Bogdan Pasca, Sebastian Banescu (2008-2009)");
	
		addInput ("X", wInX_);
		addInput ("Y", wInY_);
		addOutput("R", wOut_); /* wOut_ = wInX_ + wInY_ */
	
		double delay = 0.0;
	
		if ((target->getUseHardMultipliers()) && (target->getNumberOfDSPs()>0))
			{
				if (verbose)
					cerr << "> IntMultiplier: The target is " << target->getID() << endl;
			
				if ((target->getID()=="Virtex4")||(target->getID()=="Virtex5")||(target->getID()=="Spartan3")) 
					{
						int chunksX, chunksY;
						int x, y;
						int score1, score2;

						int explicitSwap;
						target->suggestSubmultSize(x, y, wInX, wInY);
			
						if (verbose) cerr << "> IntMultiplier: The suggested sub-multiplier size is " << x << " X " << y << endl;
						if (verbose) cerr << "> IntMultiplier: First design exploration, split "<<wInX <<" into chunks of " << x 
												<<" and "<<wInY <<" into chunks of " << y << endl;
						score1 = int(ceil((double(wInX)/double(x)))*ceil((double(wInY)/double(y))));
						if (verbose) cerr << "> IntMultiplier: First design score is " << score1 << endl;
						if (verbose) cerr << "> IntMultiplier: Second design exploration, split "<<wInY <<" into chunks of " << x 
												<<" and "<<wInX <<" into chunks of " << y << endl;
						score2 = int(ceil((double(wInY)/double(x)))*ceil((double(wInX)/double(y))));
						if (verbose) cerr << "> IntMultiplier: Second design score is " << score2 << endl;
			
						explicitSwap = false;
						if (score1 > score2)
							explicitSwap = true;
			
						if (verbose) cerr << "> IntMultiplier: Choosing " << (score1>score2?"second":"first") << " design " << endl;
			
						int extension = (y<x)?(-x):(-y); // for asymmetric sized multipliers (e.g. 24x17 on Virtex5)  
			
						if (score1 > score2){
							chunksX =  int(ceil( ( double(wInX) / (double) x) ));
							chunksY =  int(ceil( ( double(wInY) / (double) y) ));
						}
						else{
							chunksX =  int(ceil( ( double(wInX) / (double) y) ));
							chunksY =  int(ceil( ( double(wInY) / (double) x) ));
						}
			
						if (chunksX + chunksY > 2) { // up to 17 x 17 bit on Virtex4 can be written as an "*" @ 400++ MHz 
							// to be general version (parametrized etc) 
							//TODO swap X and Y under certain conditions

							//NOT TOO SMART
							bool swap=false;
							if (((chunksX > chunksY) && (x == y)) || (explicitSwap == true))
								swap=true;
					
							if (swap){
								int tmp = chunksX;
								chunksX = chunksY;
								chunksY = tmp; 
							}
					
							if (verbose)
								cerr << "> IntMultiplier: Perform swapping = " << (swap==1?"true":"false") << endl;
					
							if (swap){
								vhdl << tab << declare("sX",x*chunksX) << " <= " << "Y" << " & " << zg(x*chunksX-wInY,0) << ";" << endl;
								vhdl << tab << declare("sY",y*chunksY) << " <= " << "X" << " & " << zg(y*chunksY-wInX,0) << ";" << endl;
							}else{
								vhdl << tab << declare("sX",x*chunksX) << " <= " << "X" << " & " << zg(x*chunksX-wInX,0) << ";" << endl;
								vhdl << tab << declare("sY",y*chunksY) << " <= " << "Y" << " & " << zg(y*chunksY-wInY,0) << ";" << endl;
							}
							////////////////////////////////////////////////////
							//SPLITTINGS
							for (int k=0; k<chunksX ; k++)
								vhdl << tab << declare(join("x",k),x) << " <= " << "sX" << range((k+1)*x-1,k*x) << ";" << endl;
							for (int k=0; k<chunksY ; k++)
								vhdl << tab << declare(join("y",k),y) << " <= " << "sY" << range((k+1)*y-1,k*y) << ";" << endl;

							//MULTIPLICATIONS WITH SOME ACCUMULATIONS
							for (int i=0; i<chunksX; i++){ 
								for (int j=0; j<chunksY; j++){ 
									if (j==0){ // @ the first the operation is only multiplication, not MAC
										vhdl << tab << declare(join("px",i,"y",j),x+y) << " <= " << use(join("x",i)) << " * " << use(join("y",j)) << ";" << endl;
									}else{
										vhdl << tab << declare(join("tpx",i,"y",j),x+y) << " <= " << use(join("x",i)) << " * " << use(join("y",j))  << ";" << endl; 
										vhdl << tab << declare(join("px",i,"y",j),x+y+1) << " <= " << "( \"0\" & " << use(join("tpx",i,"y",j)) << ")" << " + " << use(join("px",i,"y",j-1))<<range(x+y-1,y) << ";" << endl; 
									}
									if (!((j==chunksY-1) && (i<chunksX-1))) nextCycle();
								}
								if (i<chunksX-1) setCycle(0); //reset cycle
							}
					
							//FORM THE INTERMEDIARY PRODUCTS
							for (int i=0; i<chunksX ; i++){
								vhdl << tab << declare(join("sum",i),y*chunksY+x) << " <= "; 
								for (int j=chunksY-1;j>=0; j--)
									vhdl << use(join("px",i,"y",j)) << range ( (j==chunksY-1?(x+y-1):y-1) ,0) << (j==0 ? ";" : " & ");
								vhdl << endl;
							}
							vhdl << tab << declare ("sum0Low", x) << " <= " << use("sum0")<<range(x-1,0) << ";" << endl;
					
							if (chunksX>1){
								IntNAdder* add =  new IntNAdder(target, x*chunksX+y*chunksY+extension, chunksX);
								oplist.push_back(add);
				
								for (int i=0; i< chunksX; i++){
									if (i==0) vhdl << tab << declare (join("addOp",i),x*chunksX+y*chunksY+extension) << " <= " << zg(x*chunksX+extension,0) << " & " << use(join("sum",i)) << range(y*chunksY+x-1,x) << ";" <<endl;
									if (i==1) vhdl << tab << declare (join("addOp",i),x*chunksX+y*chunksY+extension) << " <= " << zg(x*chunksX+extension-x,0) << " & " << use(join("sum",i)) << range(y*chunksY+x-1,0) << ";" <<endl;
									if (i> 1) 
										vhdl << tab << declare (join("addOp",i),x*chunksX+y*chunksY+extension) << " <= " << zg(x*chunksX-x*i+extension,0) << " & " << use(join("sum",i)) << range(y*chunksY+x-1,0) << " & " << zg(x*i-x,0) << ";" <<endl;
								}
								for (int i=0; i< chunksX; i++)
									inPortMap (add, join("X",i) , join("addOp",i));
				
								inPortMapCst(add, "Cin", "'0'");
								outPortMap(add, "R", "addRes");
								vhdl << instance(add, "adder");

								syncCycleFromSignal("addRes");
				
								if ((x*chunksX+y*chunksY) - wInX - wInY < -extension){
									vhdl << tab << "R <= " << use("addRes")<<range((x*chunksX+y*chunksY+extension)-1,0) << " & " <<  use("sum0Low")<<range(x-1, x-1 + ((x*chunksX+y*chunksY+extension) - wInX - wInY)+1) << ";" << endl;
								}else{
									vhdl << tab << "R <= " << use("addRes")<<range((x*chunksX+y*chunksY+extension)-1, ((x*chunksX+y*chunksY+extension) - wInX - wInY)) << ";" << endl;
						
								}
							}else{
								vhdl << tab << "R <= " << use(join("sum",0))<<range(y*chunksY+x-1, x*chunksX+y*chunksY -( wInX+wInY)) << ";" << endl;
							}
						}
						else 
							vhdl << tab << "R <= X * Y ;" <<endl;
					}
				else // the target is a Stratix
					{
						bool quadMultiply = false; // TRUE if we cannot use double the chunckSize width multipliers

						int chunkSize_ = 1, x, y;
			
						quadMultiply = !target->suggestSubmultSize(x, y, wInX, wInY);
						chunkSize_ = max(x, y);
				
						delay += target->distantWireDelay((int)target->frequencyMHz());
				
						int chunksX =  int(ceil( ( double(wInX) / (double) chunkSize_) ));
						int chunksY =  int(ceil( ( double(wInY) / (double) chunkSize_) ));
			
						int widthX = wInX_;
						int widthY = wInY_;	
			
						if (chunksX > chunksY) // the tiling is done on a vertical rectangle
							{
								int tmp = chunksX;
								chunksX = chunksY;
								chunksY = tmp;
				
								tmp = widthX;
								widthX = widthY;
								widthY = tmp;
				
								vhdl << tab << declare("sX",chunkSize_*chunksX) << " <= " << "Y" << " & " << zg(chunkSize_*chunksX-widthX,0) << ";" << endl;
								vhdl << tab << declare("sY",chunkSize_*chunksY) << " <= " << "X" << " & " << zg(chunkSize_*chunksY-widthY,0) << ";" << endl;
							}
						else
							{
								vhdl << tab << declare("sX",chunkSize_*chunksX) << " <= " << "X" << " & " << zg(chunkSize_*chunksX-widthX,0) << ";" << endl;
								vhdl << tab << declare("sY",chunkSize_*chunksY) << " <= " << "Y" << " & " << zg(chunkSize_*chunksY-widthY,0) << ";" << endl;
							}
				
						if (verbose)
							cerr << "> IntMultiplier:  X splitted in "<< chunksX << " chunks and Y in " << chunksY << " chunks; The chunk size is " << chunkSize_ << ";" << endl;

						int chX = chunksX; 	// number of chunks of X and decreases at each iteration of the while loop below
						int level = 0;		// index of the current iteration of the while loop
						int height;			// height of the tiling after the while loop
				
						int adderWidth = (chunksX+chunksY)*chunkSize_;	// width of the final adder
						int opCount = 0;								// current index of the operands of the final adder
				
						ostringstream partialProd;	// temporary holder of a partial product
						ostringstream partialProd2; // temporary holder of a partial product
						ostringstream sum;			// temporary holder of a sum of partial products
						ostringstream operands[2];	// operands of the final summation that hold the concatenation of partial products
						ostringstream carrys;		// operand of the final summation that holds the concatenation of carry bits of the partial products

						// COMPUTE PARTIAL PRODUCTS
						if (quadMultiply)
							{
								////////////////////////////////////////////////////
								//SPLITTINGS
								for (int k=0; k<chunksX ; k++)
									{
										ostringstream dname;
										dname << "x"<<k;
										vhdl << tab << declare(dname.str(),chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << "sX" << range((k+1)*chunkSize_-1,k*chunkSize_) << ";" << endl;
									}
								for (int k=0; k<chunksY ; k++)
									{
										ostringstream dname;
										dname << "y"<<k;
										vhdl << tab << declare(dname.str(),chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << "sY" << range((k+1)*chunkSize_-1,k*chunkSize_) << ";" << endl;
									}
				
								if (verbose)	
									cerr << "> IntMultiplier: Cannot use double chunckSize_ multipliers" << endl;
					
								while (chX/4 > 0)
									{
										// top-right tile
										setCycle(1);
										partialProd.str("");
										partialProd << "px0y" << 4*level;
										vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(),2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use("x0") << " * " << use(join("y", 4*level)) << ";" << endl;
					
										setCycle(3);
										operands[0] << use(partialProd.str()) << " & " << zg(chunkSize_*4*level,0) << ";" << endl;
					
					
										// top-right diagonal pair
										setCycle(1);
										partialProd2.str("");
										partialProd2 << "px0y" << 4*level+1;
										vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd2.str(),2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use("x0") << " * " << use(join("y",4*level+1)) << ";" << endl;
										partialProd.str("");
										partialProd << "px1y" << 4*level;
										vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(),2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use("x1") << " * " << use(join("y",4*level)) << ";" << endl;
					
										setCycle(2);
										sum.str("");
										sum << "addOp" << level << "_shift_" << 4*level+1;
										vhdl << tab << declare(sum.str(), 2*chunkSize_+1,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= (\"0\" & " << use(partialProd.str()) << ") + (\"0\" & " << use(partialProd2.str()) << ");" << endl; 
					
										setCycle(3);
										operands[1] << use(sum.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_-1,0) << " & " << zg((4*level+1)*chunkSize_,0) << ";" << endl;
										carrys << use(sum.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_,2*chunkSize_) << " & " << zg((4*level+3)*chunkSize_,0) << ";" << endl;
					
					
										// top-right diagonal triplet
										setCycle(1);
										// first compute the 3 partial products
										for (int j=0; j<3; j++)
											{
												partialProd.str("");
												partialProd << "px" << j << "y" << 4*level+2-j;
												vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(),2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use(join("x",j)) << " * " << use(join("y",4*level+2-j)) << ";" << endl; 
											}
										setCycle(2);
										// add the 3 partial products
										sum.str("");
										sum << "addOp" << level << "_shift_" << 4*level+2;
										vhdl << tab << declare(sum.str(), 2*chunkSize_+2,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= (\"00\" & ";
					
										for (int j=0; j<3; j++)
											{
												partialProd.str("");
												partialProd << "px" << j << "y" << 4*level+2-j;
												if (j == 0)
													vhdl << use(partialProd.str());
												else
													vhdl << ") + (\"00\" & " << use(partialProd.str());
											}
										vhdl << ");" << endl;
					
										setCycle(3);
										operands[0].seekp(ios_base::beg);
										operands[0] << use(sum.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_-1,0) << " & " << operands[0].str();
										carrys.seekp(ios_base::beg);
										carrys << use(sum.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_+1, 2*chunkSize_) << " & " << zg(chunkSize_-1,0) << " & " << carrys.str();
					
						
										//setCycle(0);
						
										// compute the sum of four tiles (diagonal) starting from top-right going left
										for (int i=3; i<chX-1; i++)
											{
												setCycle(1);
												// first compute the 4 partial products
												for (int j=0; j<4; j++)
													{
														partialProd.str("");
														partialProd << "px" << i-j << "y" << j+4*level;
														vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(),2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use(join("x",i-j)) << " * " << use(join("y",j+4*level)) << ";" << endl;
													}
												setCycle(2);
												// add the 4 partial products
												sum.str("");
												sum << "addOp" << level << "_shift_" << i+4*level;
												vhdl << tab << declare(sum.str(),2*chunkSize_+2,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= (\"00\" & ";
						
												for (int j=0; j<4; j++)
													{
														partialProd.str("");
														partialProd << "px" << i-j << "y" << j+4*level;
														if (j == 0)
															vhdl << use(partialProd.str());
														else
															vhdl << ") + (\"00\" & " << use(partialProd.str());
													}
												vhdl << ");" << endl;
						
												setCycle(3);
												operands[i%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
												operands[i%2] << use(sum.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_-1,0) << " & " << operands[i%2].str();  
												carrys.seekp(ios_base::beg);
												carrys << use(sum.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_+1, 2*chunkSize_) << " & " << zg(chunkSize_-2,0) << " & " << carrys.str();
											}
					
										// compute the sum of four tiles (diagonal) going down to the bottom-left corner
										for (int j=4*level; j<chunksY-3; j++)
											{
												setCycle(1);
												// first compute the 4 partial products
												for (int i=0; i<4; i++)
													{
														partialProd.str("");
														partialProd << "px" << chX-i-1 << "y" << i+j;
														vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(),2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use(join("x",chX-i-1)) << " * " << use(join("y",i+j)) << ";" << endl; 
													}
												setCycle(2);
												// add the 4 partial products
												sum.str("");
												sum << "addOp" << level << "_shift_" << chX+j-1;
												vhdl << tab << declare(sum.str(), 2*chunkSize_+2,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= (\"00\" & ";
						
												for (int i=0; i<4; i++)
													{
														partialProd.str("");
														partialProd << "px" << chX-i-1 << "y" << i+j;
														if (i == 0)
															vhdl << use(partialProd.str());
														else
															vhdl << ") + (\"00\" & " << use(partialProd.str());
													}
												vhdl << ");" << endl;
						
												setCycle(3);
												operands[(j+chX-1)%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
												operands[(j+chX-1)%2] << use(sum.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_-1,0) << " & " << operands[(j+chX-1)%2].str(); 
												carrys.seekp(ios_base::beg);
												carrys << use(sum.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_+1, 2*chunkSize_) << " & " << zg(chunkSize_-2,0) << " & " << carrys.str();
											} 
					
										// bottom-left diagonal triplet
										setCycle(1);
										// first compute the 3 partial products
										for (int j=0; j<3; j++)
											{
												partialProd.str("");
												partialProd << "px" << chX-3+j << "y" << chunksY-1-j;
												vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(),2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use(join("x",chX-3+j)) << " * " << use(join("y",chunksY-1-j)) << ";" << endl; 
											}
										setCycle(2);
										// add the 3 partial products
										sum.str("");
										sum << "addOp" << level << "_shift_" << chunksY+chX-4;
										vhdl << tab << declare(sum.str(), 2*chunkSize_+2,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= (\"00\" & ";
					
										for (int j=0; j<3; j++)
											{
												partialProd.str("");
												partialProd << "px" << chX-3+j << "y" << chunksY-1-j;
												if (j == 0)
													vhdl << use(partialProd.str());
												else
													vhdl << ") + (\"00\" & " << use(partialProd.str());
											}
										vhdl << ");" << endl;
					
										setCycle(3);
										operands[(chX+chunksY-4)%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
										operands[(chX+chunksY-4)%2] << use(sum.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_-1,0) << " & " << operands[(chX+chunksY-4)%2].str();
										carrys.seekp(ios_base::beg);
										carrys << use(sum.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_+1, 2*chunkSize_) << " & " << zg(chunkSize_-2,0) << " & " << carrys.str();
					
										// bottom-left diagonal pair
										setCycle(1);
										partialProd2.str("");
										partialProd2 << "px" << chX-1 << "y" << chunksY-2;
										vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd2.str(),2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use(join("x",chX-1)) << " * " << use(join("y", chunksY-2)) << ";" << endl;
										partialProd.str("");
										partialProd << "px" << chX-2 << "y" << chunksY-1;
										vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(),2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use(join("x", chX-2)) << " * " << use(join("y", chunksY-1)) << ";" << endl;
					
										setCycle(2);
										sum.str("");
										sum << "addOp" << level << "_shift_" << chX+chunksY-3;
										vhdl << tab << declare(sum.str(), 2*chunkSize_+1,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= (\"0\" & " << use(partialProd.str()) << ") + (\"0\" & " << use(partialProd2.str()) << ");" << endl; 
					
										setCycle(3);
										operands[(chX+chunksY-3)%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
										operands[(chX+chunksY-3)%2] << zg((4*level+1)*chunkSize_,0) << " & " << use(sum.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_-1,0) << " & " << operands[(chX+chunksY-3)%2].str();
										carrys.seekp(ios_base::beg);
										carrys << zg((4*level+1)*chunkSize_-1,0) << " & " << use(sum.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_, 2*chunkSize_) << " & " << zg(chunkSize_-2,0) << " & " << carrys.str();
					
										// bottom-left tile
										setCycle(1);
										partialProd.str("");
										partialProd << "px"<< chX-1 << "y" << chunksY-1;
										vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(),2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use(join("x",chX-1)) << " * " << use(join("y", chunksY-1)) << ";" << endl;
					
										setCycle(3);
										operands[(chX+chunksY-2)%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
										operands[(chX+chunksY-2)%2] << zg(4*level*chunkSize_,0) << " & " << use(partialProd.str()) << " & " << operands[(chX+chunksY-2)%2].str();
					
										// reinitialize the concatenation buffers for the next iteration of the while loop
										for (int i=0; i<2; i++)
											{
												setCycle(3);
												vhdl << tab << declare(join("addOp", opCount), adderWidth) << " <= " << operands[i].str() << endl;
												opCount++;
												operands[i].str("");
											}
										vhdl << tab << declare(join("addOp", opCount), adderWidth) << " <= " << carrys.str() << endl;
										opCount++;	
										carrys.str("");
					
										chX -= 4;
										level++;
									}
				
								int i = level*4;	
								bool oneCol = true;		
								switch (chX)
									{
									case 1: // remaining tiles are in a single column
										if (verbose)
											cerr << ">IntMultiplier: Case 1: remaining tiles are in a single column" << endl;
						
										operands[i%2] << zg(level*4*chunkSize_,0) << ";";
										if (chunksY-i > 1) // then there are more than one tiles in the column
											{
												if (verbose)
													cerr << ">IntMultiplier: More than one tile in the column" << endl;
												operands[(i+1)%2] << zg((level*4+1)*chunkSize_,0) << ";";
												oneCol = false;
											}
						
										for (i=level*4; i<chunksY; i++)
											{
												setCycle(1);
												partialProd.str("");
												partialProd << "px0y" << i;
												vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(),2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use("x0") << " * " << use(join("y",i)) << ";" << endl;
							
												setCycle(3);
												operands[i%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
												operands[i%2] << use(partialProd.str()) << " & " << operands[i%2].str();
							
											}
						
										if (!oneCol) // then there are more than one tiles in the column
											{
												operands[i%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
												operands[i%2] << zg((level*4+1)*chunkSize_,0) << " & " << operands[i%2].str();
												vhdl << tab << declare(join("addOp", opCount), adderWidth) << " <= " << operands[i%2].str() << endl;
												opCount++;
											}
						
										operands[(i+1)%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
										operands[(i+1)%2] << zg(level*4*chunkSize_,0) << " & " << operands[(i+1)%2].str(); 
										vhdl << tab << declare(join("addOp", opCount), adderWidth) << " <= " << operands[(i+1)%2].str() << endl;
										opCount++;
							
										break;
									case 2: // remaining tiles are in 2 columns
										if (verbose)
											cerr << ">IntMultiplier: Case 2: remaining tiles are in 2 columns" << endl;
										setCycle(1);
										// top right tile
										partialProd.str("");
										partialProd << "px0y" << i;
										vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(),2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use("x0") << " * " << use(join("y", i)) << ";" << endl;
										setCycle(3);
										operands[i%2] << use(partialProd.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_-1,0) << " & " << zg((4*level)*chunkSize_,0) << ";";
										operands[(i+1)%2] << zg((4*level+1)*chunkSize_,0) << ";";
										carrys << zg((4*level+2)*chunkSize_+1,0) << ";";
						 
										while (i<chunksY-1) // diagonal pairs
											{
												setCycle(1);
												partialProd2.str("");
												partialProd2 << "px0y" << (i+1);
												vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd2.str(),2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use("x0") << " * " << use(join("y", i+1)) << ";" << endl;
												partialProd.str("");
												partialProd << "px1y" << i;
												vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(),2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use("x1") << " * " << use(join("y", i)) << ";" << endl;
												setCycle(2);
												sum.str("");
												sum << "addOp" << level << "_shift_" << (i+1);
												vhdl << tab << declare(sum.str(), 2*chunkSize_+1,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= (\"0\" & " << use(partialProd.str()) << ") + (\"0\" & " << use(partialProd2.str()) << ");" << endl; 
												setCycle(3);
												operands[(i+1)%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
												operands[(i+1)%2] << use(sum.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_-1,0) << " & " << operands[(i+1)%2].str();
												carrys.seekp(ios_base::beg);
												carrys << use(sum.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_, 2*chunkSize_) << " & " << zg(chunkSize_-1,0) << " & " << carrys.str();
					
												i++;			
											}
						
										// bottom-left tile
										setCycle(1);
										partialProd.str("");
										partialProd << "px1y" << i;
										vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(),2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use("x1") << " * " << use(join("y", i)) << ";" << endl;
						
										setCycle(3);
										operands[(i+1)%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
										operands[(i+1)%2] << zg((4*level)*chunkSize_,0) << " & " << use(partialProd.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_-1,0) << " & " << operands[(i+1)%2].str();
						
										operands[i%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
										operands[i%2] << zg((4*level+1)*chunkSize_,0) << " & " << operands[i%2].str();
										carrys.seekp(ios_base::beg);
										carrys << zg((4*level+1)*chunkSize_-1,0) << " & " << carrys.str();
						
										// reinitialize the concatenation buffers for the next iteration of the while loop
										for (int j=0; j<2; j++)
											{
												setCycle(3);
												vhdl << tab << declare(join("addOp", opCount), adderWidth) << " <= " << operands[j].str() << endl;
												opCount++;
												operands[j].str("");
											}
										vhdl << tab << declare(join("addOp", opCount), adderWidth) << " <= " << carrys.str() << endl;
										opCount++;	
										carrys.str("");
										break;
									case 3: // Remaining tiles are on 3 columns
										if (verbose)
											cerr << ">IntMultiplier: Case 3: Remaining tiles are on 3 columns" << endl;
						
										height = chunksY - i;
						
										switch (height)
											{
											case 0: break;
											case 1: // only one row
												if (verbose)
													cerr << ">IntMultiplier:" << tab << " Subcase 1: there is one row" << endl;
							
												operands[i%2] << zg(level*4*chunkSize_,0) << ";";
												operands[(i+1)%2] << zg((level*4+1)*chunkSize_,0) << ";";
						
												for (int j=0; j<3; j++) // each tile is computed and padded with zeros becoming an operand of IntNAdder
													{
														setCycle(1);
														partialProd.str("");
														partialProd << "px" << j << "y" << i;
														vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(), 2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use(join("x",j)) << " * " << use(join("y",i)) << ";" << endl;
														setCycle(3);
														operands[(j+i)%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
														operands[(j+i)%2] << use(partialProd.str()) << " & " << operands[(j+i)%2].str();
													}
								
												operands[(3+i)%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
												operands[(3+i)%2] << zg((level*4+1)*chunkSize_,0) << " & " << operands[(3+i)%2].str();
												vhdl << tab << declare(join("addOp", opCount), adderWidth) << " <= " << operands[(3+i)%2].str() << endl;
												opCount++;
								
												operands[(i+4)%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
												operands[(i+4)%2] << zg(level*4*chunkSize_,0) << " & " << operands[(i+4)%2].str(); 
												vhdl << tab << declare(join("addOp", opCount), adderWidth) << " <= " << operands[(i+4)%2].str() << endl;
												opCount++;
												break;
											case 2: // two rows
												if (verbose)
													cerr << ">IntMultiplier:" << tab << " Subcase 2: there are two rows" << endl;
								
												operands[i%2] << zg(level*4*chunkSize_,0) << ";";
												operands[(i+1)%2] << zg((level*4+1)*chunkSize_,0) << ";";
												carrys << zg(level*4*chunkSize_,0) << ";";
												// top-right tile
												setCycle(1);
												partialProd.str("");
												partialProd << "px0y" << i;
												vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(), 2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use("x0") << " * " << use(join("y",i)) << ";" << endl;
												operands[i%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
												operands[i%2] << use(partialProd.str()) << " & " << operands[i%2].str();
								
												// diagonal tiles
												for (int j=0; j<2; j++)
													{
														setCycle(1);
														partialProd.str("");
														partialProd << "px"<< j+1 << "y" << i;
														vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(), 2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use(join("x",j+1)) << " * " << use(join("y",i)) << ";" << endl;
														partialProd2.str("");
														partialProd2 << "px"<< j << "y" << i+1;
														vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd2.str(), 2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use(join("x",j)) << " * " << use(join("y",i+1)) << ";" << endl;
									
														setCycle(2);
														sum.str("");
														sum << "addOpd" << level << "_shift_" << i+j+1;
														vhdl << tab << declare(sum.str(), 2*chunkSize_+1,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= (\"0\" & " << use(partialProd.str()) << ") + (\"0\" & " << use(partialProd2.str()) << ");" << endl; 
									
														setCycle(3);
														operands[(i+j+1)%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
														operands[(i+j+1)%2] << use(sum.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_-1,0) <<" & " << operands[(i+j+1)%2].str();
														carrys.seekp(ios_base::beg);
														carrys << use(sum.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_,2*chunkSize_) << " & " << zg(chunkSize_,0) << "&" << carrys.str();
													}
								
												// bottom-left tile
												setCycle(1);
												partialProd.str("");
												partialProd << "px2y" << i+2;
												vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(), 2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use("x2") << " * " << use(join("y",i+2)) << ";" << endl;
												setCycle(3);
												operands[(i+4)%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
												operands[(i+4)%2] << zg(level*4*chunkSize_,0) << " & " << use(partialProd.str()) << " & " << operands[(i+4)%2].str();	
												operands[(i+5)%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
												operands[(i+5)%2] << zg((level*4+1)*chunkSize_,0) << " & " << operands[(i+5)%2].str(); 
												carrys.seekp(ios_base::beg);
												carrys << zg((level*4+1)*chunkSize_-1,0) << " & " << carrys.str();
												// reinitialize the concatenation buffers for the next iteration of the while loop
												for (int j=0; j<2; j++)
													{
														vhdl << tab << declare(join("addOp", opCount), adderWidth) << " <= " << operands[j].str() << endl;
														opCount++;
														operands[j].str("");
													}
												vhdl << tab << declare(join("addOp", opCount), adderWidth) << " <= " << carrys.str() << endl;
												opCount++;	
												carrys.str(""); 
												break;
											default: // more than 2 tiles
												if (verbose)
													cerr << ">IntMultiplier:" << tab << " Subcase 3: there are more than 2 rows" << endl;
												//delay += target->distantWireDelay((int)target->frequencyMHz());
								
												operands[i%2] << zg(level*4*chunkSize_,0) << ";";
												operands[(i+1)%2] << zg((level*4+1)*chunkSize_,0) << ";";
												carrys << zg((level*4+3)*chunkSize_,0) << ";";
								
												// top-right tile
												setCycle(1);
												partialProd.str("");
												partialProd << "px0y" << i;
												vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(), 2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use("x0") << " * " << use(join("y",i)) << ";" << endl;
												setCycle(3);
												operands[i%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
												operands[i%2] << use(partialProd.str()) << " & " << operands[i%2].str();
								
												// top-right diagonal pair
												setCycle(1);
												partialProd.str("");
												partialProd << "px1y" << i;
												vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(), 2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use("x1") << " * " << use(join("y",i)) << ";" << endl;
												partialProd2.str("");
												partialProd2 << "px0y" << i+1;
												vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd2.str(), 2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use("x0") << " * " << use(join("y",i+1)) << ";" << endl;
								
												setCycle(2);
												sum.str("");
												sum << "addOpd" << level << "_shift_" << i+1;
												vhdl << tab << declare(sum.str(), 2*chunkSize_+1,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= (\"0\" & " << use(partialProd.str()) << ") + (\"0\" & " << use(partialProd2.str()) << ");" << endl; 
								
												setCycle(3);
												operands[(i+1)%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
												operands[(i+1)%2] << use(sum.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_-1,0) << " & " << operands[(i+1)%2].str();
												carrys.seekp(ios_base::beg);
												carrys << "\"0\" & " << use(sum.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_,2*chunkSize_) << " & " << carrys.str(); 
												// sum of diagonal triplets from top to bottom
												while(i < chunksY-2)
													{
														setCycle(1);
														// first compute the 3 partial products
														for (int j=0; j<3; j++)
															{
																partialProd.str("");
																partialProd << "px" << j << "y" << i+2-j;
																vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(),2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use(join("x",j)) << " * " << use(join("y",i+2-j)) << ";" << endl; 
															}
														setCycle(2);
														// add the 3 partial products
														sum.str("");
														sum << "addOp" << level << "_shift_" << i+2;
														vhdl << tab << declare(sum.str(), 2*chunkSize_+2,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= (\"00\" & ";
									
														for (int j=0; j<3; j++)
															{
																partialProd.str("");
																partialProd << "px" << j << "y" << i+2-j;
																if (j == 0)
																	vhdl << use(partialProd.str());
																else
																	vhdl << ") + (\"00\" & " << use(partialProd.str());
															}
														vhdl << ");" << endl;
														setCycle(3);
														operands[(i+2)%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
														operands[(i+2)%2] << use(sum.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_-1,0) << " & " << operands[(i+2)%2].str();
														carrys.seekp(ios_base::beg);
														carrys << use(sum.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_+1,2*chunkSize_) << " & " << zg(chunkSize_-2,0) << " & " << carrys.str();
							
														i++;
													}
								
												// bottom-left diagonal pair
												setCycle(1);
												partialProd.str("");
												partialProd << "px2y" << chunksY-2;
												vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(), 2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use("x2") << " * " << use(join("y",chunksY-2)) << ";" << endl;
												partialProd2.str("");
												partialProd2 << "px1y" << chunksY-1;
												vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd2.str(), 2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use("x1") << " * " << use(join("y",chunksY-1)) << ";" << endl;
								
												setCycle(2);
												sum.str("");
												sum << "addOpd" << level << "_shift_" << chunksY;
												vhdl << tab << declare(sum.str(), 2*chunkSize_+1,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= (\"0\" & " << use(partialProd.str()) << ") + (\"0\" & " << use(partialProd2.str()) << ");" << endl; 
								
												setCycle(3);
												operands[(i+2)%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
												operands[(i+2)%2] << zg((level*4+1)*chunkSize_,0) << " & " << use(sum.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_-1,0) << " & " << operands[(i+2)%2].str();
												carrys.seekp(ios_base::beg);
												carrys << zg((level*4+1)*chunkSize_-1,0) << " & " << use(sum.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_,2*chunkSize_) << " & " << zg(chunkSize_-2,0) << " & " << carrys.str(); 
												// bottom-left tile
												setCycle(1);
												partialProd.str("");
												partialProd << "px2y" << chunksY-1;
												vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(), 2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use("x2") << " * " << use(join("y",chunksY-1)) << ";" << endl;
												setCycle(3);
												operands[(i+3)%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
												operands[(i+3)%2] << zg((level*4)*chunkSize_,0) << " & " << use(partialProd.str()) << " & " << operands[(i+3)%2].str();
								
												// create the operands for the final summation
												for (int j=0; j<2; j++)
													{
														vhdl << tab << declare(join("addOp", opCount), adderWidth) << " <= " << operands[j].str() << endl;
														opCount++;
														operands[j].str("");
													}
												vhdl << tab << declare(join("addOp", opCount), adderWidth) << " <= " << carrys.str() << endl;
												opCount++;	
												carrys.str(""); 
												break;
											}
										break;
									}
								setCycle(3);
							}
						//**********************************************************************************************************************
						else // not(quadMultiply) => can use double chunckSize_ multipliers
							{	
								if (chunkSize_ == 18)
									{
										if (verbose)
											cerr << ">IntMultiplier: Block by block adition using double chunkSize multipliers" << endl;
										int i, j, k;	
					
										////////////////////////////////////////////////////
										//SPLITTINGS
										for (k=0; k<chunksX-1; k+=2)
											{
												ostringstream dname;
												dname << "x"<< k;
												vhdl << tab << declare(dname.str(),2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << "sX" << range((k+2)*chunkSize_-1,k*chunkSize_) << ";" << endl;
											}
					
										// * The following splitting for y uses a small trick, i.e. if we have an even number of chunks for y
										// * nothing changes and the splitting procedes normally. Otherwise we skip over the first chunk y(17:0)
										// * and start counting the chunks from then on. At the end the last indexed chunk will be y(17:0).
										// * This was done to avoid major changes in the partial product computation and concatenation algorithm.
										int start = 0;
					
										if (chunksY%2 == 1)
											start = 1;
						
										for (k=0; k<chunksY-1 ; k+=2)
											{
												ostringstream dname;
												dname << "y"<< k;
												vhdl << tab << declare(dname.str(),2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << "sY" << range((k+2+start)*chunkSize_-1,(k+start)*chunkSize_) << ";" << endl;
											}
					
										if (start == 1)
											{
												ostringstream dname;
												dname << "y"<< chunksY-1;
												vhdl << tab << declare(dname.str(),chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << "sY" << range(chunkSize_-1,0) << ";" << endl;
											}
					
										nextCycle();
					
										// COMPUTE PARTIAL PRODUCTS
										for (i=0; i<chunksX-1; i+=2)
											{
												operands[0] << zg((i+start)*chunkSize_,0) << ";";
												operands[1] << zg((i+2+start)*chunkSize_,0) << ";";
						
												// compute and concatenate partial products from right to left
												for (k=0; k<chunksX-i-1; k+=2)
													{
														setCycleFromSignal(join("x",k));
														nextCycle();
														ostringstream partialProd;
														partialProd  << "p" << "x" << k << "y" << i;
														vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(),4*chunkSize_) << " <= " << use(join("x",k)) << " * " << use(join("y",i)) << ";" << endl;
							
														nextCycle();
														operands[(k/2)%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
														operands[(k/2)%2] << use(partialProd.str()) << " & " << operands[(k/2)%2].str();
													}
						
												// compute and concatenate partial products from top to bottom
												for (j=i+2; j<chunksY-1; j+=2)
													{
														setCycleFromSignal(join("x",k-2));
														nextCycle();
														ostringstream partialProd;
														partialProd  << "p" << "x" << k-2 << "y" << j;
														vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(),4*chunkSize_) << " <= " << use(join("x",k-2)) << " * " << use(join("y",j)) << ";" << endl;
						
														nextCycle();
														operands[((j-i+k-2)/2)%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
														operands[((j-i+k-2)/2)%2] << use(partialProd.str()) << " & " << operands[((j-i+k-2)/2)%2].str();
													}
						
												operands[((i+j+k-2)/2)%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
												operands[((i+j+k-2)/2)%2] << zg((i+2+chunksX%2)*chunkSize_,0) << " & " << operands[((i+j+k-2)/2)%2].str();	
												operands[((i+j+k-2)/2+1)%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
												operands[((i+j+k-2)/2+1)%2] << zg((i+chunksX%2)*chunkSize_,0) << " & " << operands[((i+j+k-2)/2+1)%2].str();	
						
												// reinitialize the concatenation buffers for the next iteration of the loop
												for (k=0; k<2; k++)
													{
														vhdl << tab << declare(join("addOp", opCount), adderWidth) << " <= " << operands[k].str() << endl;
														opCount++;
														operands[k].str("");
													}
											}
					
										operands[0] << "\"\";";
										operands[1] << zg(chunkSize_,0) << ";";
					
										bool halfPadded = false; // TRUE when there is either 
										//	a chunkSize width column on the left side of the tiling or 
										//	a chunkSize width row on the bottom side of the tiling 	
					
										if (start == 1) // then there is a chunkSize width row on the bottom side of the tiling
											{
												halfPadded = true;
						
												// compute and concatenate partial products from right to left
												for (k=0; k<chunksX; k++)
													{
														setCycleFromSignal("sX");
							
														ostringstream dname;
														dname << "xx" << k;
														vhdl << tab << declare(dname.str(),chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << "sX" << range((k+1)*chunkSize_-1, k*chunkSize_) << ";" << endl;
							
														nextCycle();
							
														ostringstream partialProd;
														partialProd  << "p" << "xx" << k << "y" << chunksY-1;
														vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(),2*chunkSize_) << " <= " << use(join("xx",k)) << " * " << use(join("y",chunksY-1)) << ";" << endl;
							
														nextCycle();
							
														operands[k%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
														operands[k%2] << use(partialProd.str()) << " & " << operands[k%2].str();
													}
											}
										else // padd operands with zeros
											{
												operands[0].seekp(ios_base::beg);
												operands[0] << zg((chunksX-1)*2*chunkSize_,0) << " & " << operands[0].str();
												operands[1].seekp(ios_base::beg);
												operands[1] << zg((chunksX-1)*2*chunkSize_,0) << " & " << operands[1].str();
											}
					
										if (i == chunksX-1) // then there is a chunkSize width column on the left side of the tiling
											{
												halfPadded = true;
												setCycleFromSignal("sX");
						
												ostringstream dname;
												dname << "x" << chunksX-1;
												vhdl << tab << declare(dname.str(),chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << "sX" << range(chunksX*chunkSize_-1,(chunksX-1)*chunkSize_) << ";" << endl;
						
												for (k=start; k<chunksY; k++)
													{
														setCycleFromSignal("sY");
														dname.str("");
														dname << "yy" << k;
														vhdl << tab << declare(dname.str(),chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << "sY" << range((k+1)*chunkSize_-1, k*chunkSize_) << ";" << endl;
						
														nextCycle();
														ostringstream partialProd;
														partialProd  << "p" << "x" << chunksX-1 << "yy" << k;
														vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(),2*chunkSize_) << " <= " << use(join("x",chunksX-1)) << " * " << use(join("yy",k)) << ";" << endl;
						
														nextCycle();
														operands[(k+chunksX+1)%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
														operands[(k+chunksX+1)%2] << use(partialProd.str()) << " & " << operands[(k+chunksX+1)%2].str();
													}
							
											}
										else // padd operands with zeros
											{
												operands[0].seekp(ios_base::beg);
												operands[0] << zg((chunksY-2)*2*chunkSize_,0) << " & " << operands[0].str();
												operands[1].seekp(ios_base::beg);
												operands[1] << zg((chunksY-2)*2*chunkSize_,0) << " & " << operands[1].str();	
											}
					
										if (halfPadded) // then we add the two operands to the sum
											{
												if ((chunksX+chunksY-1)%2 == 0)
													{
														operands[0].seekp(ios_base::beg); 
														operands[0] << zg(chunkSize_,0) << " & " << operands[0].str(); 	
													}
												else
													{
														operands[1].seekp(ios_base::beg); 
														operands[1] << zg(chunkSize_,0) << " & " << operands[1].str(); 	
													}
						
												for (k=0; k<2; k++)
													{
														vhdl << tab << declare(join("addOp", opCount), adderWidth) << " <= " << operands[k].str() << endl;
														opCount++;
													}
											}
									}
								else // then chunkSize is 9 and we can use double chunkSize multipliers
									{
										if (verbose)
											cerr << ">IntMultiplier: Using double chunkSize_ multipliers" << endl;
					
										int i, k;	
					
										////////////////////////////////////////////////////
										//SPLITTINGS
										for (k=0; k<chunksX-1; k+=2)
											{
												ostringstream dname;
												dname << "x"<< k/2;
												vhdl << tab << declare(dname.str(),2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << "sX" << range((k+2)*chunkSize_-1,k*chunkSize_) << ";" << endl;
											}
					
										//* The following splitting for y uses a small trick, i.e. if we have an even number of chunks for y
										//* nothing changes and the splitting procedes normally. Otherwise we skip over the first chunk y(17:0)
										//* and start counting the chunks from then on. At the end the last indexed chunk will be y(17:0).
										//* This was done to avoid major changes in the partial product computation and concatenation algorithm.
										int start = 0;
					
										if (chunksY%2 == 1)
											start = 1;
						
										for (k=0; k<chunksY-1 ; k+=2)
											{
												ostringstream dname;
												dname << "y"<< k/2;
												vhdl << tab << declare(dname.str(),2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << "sY" << range((k+2+start)*chunkSize_-1,(k+start)*chunkSize_) << ";" << endl;
											}
					
										if (start == 1)
											{
												ostringstream dname;
												dname << "y"<< k/2;
												vhdl << tab << declare(dname.str(),chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << "sY" << range(chunkSize_-1,0) << ";" << endl;
											}
										int startX = 0; // added this variable to apply the same trick for zgs as with the start variable that adds zeros behind if chunksY is odd 
										bool leftColumn = false; // TRUE if there are an odd number of slices in X and there is a chunkSize width column to the left of the tiling that has no pair
										if (chunksX % 2 == 1)
											{
												leftColumn = true;
												startX = 1;
											}
					
										//* modifing the quantities so that we can use the same algorithm as for the case where we have no
										//* double chunkSize multipliers 
										chX /= 2;
										chunksY /= 2;
										chunksX /= 2;
										chunkSize_ *=2;
					
										while (chX/4 > 0)
											{
						
												// top-right tile
												setCycle(1);
												partialProd.str("");
												partialProd << "px0y" << 4*level;
												vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(),2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use("x0") << " * " << use(join("y", 4*level)) << ";" << endl;
												setCycle(3);
												operands[0] << use(partialProd.str()) << " & " << zg(chunkSize_*4*level + start*chunkSize_/2,0) << ";" << endl;
						
						
												// top-right diagonal pair
												setCycle(1);
												partialProd2.str("");
												partialProd2 << "px0y" << 4*level+1;
												vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd2.str(),2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use("x0") << " * " << use(join("y",4*level+1)) << ";" << endl;
												partialProd.str("");
												partialProd << "px1y" << 4*level;
												vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(),2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use("x1") << " * " << use(join("y",4*level)) << ";" << endl;
												setCycle(2);
												sum.str("");
												sum << "addOp" << level << "_shift_" << 4*level+1;
												vhdl << tab << declare(sum.str(), 2*chunkSize_+1,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= (\"0\" & " << use(partialProd.str()) << ") + (\"0\" & " << use(partialProd2.str()) << ");" << endl; 
												setCycle(3);
												operands[1] << use(sum.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_-1,0) << " & " << zg((4*level+1)*chunkSize_ + start*chunkSize_/2,0) << ";" << endl;
												carrys << use(sum.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_,2*chunkSize_) << " & " << zg((4*level+3)*chunkSize_ + start*chunkSize_/2,0) << ";" << endl;
						
						
												// top-right diagonal triplet
												setCycle(1);
												// first compute the 3 partial products
												for (int j=0; j<3; j++)
													{
														partialProd.str("");
														partialProd << "px" << j << "y" << 4*level+2-j;
														vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(),2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use(join("x",j)) << " * " << use(join("y",4*level+2-j)) << ";" << endl; 
													}
												setCycle(2);
												// add the 3 partial products
												sum.str("");
												sum << "addOp" << level << "_shift_" << 4*level+2;
												vhdl << tab << declare(sum.str(), 2*chunkSize_+2,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= (\"00\" & ";
						
												for (int j=0; j<3; j++)
													{
														partialProd.str("");
														partialProd << "px" << j << "y" << 4*level+2-j;
														if (j == 0)
															vhdl << use(partialProd.str());
														else
															vhdl << ") + (\"00\" & " << use(partialProd.str());
													}
												vhdl << ");" << endl;
												setCycle(3);
												operands[0].seekp(ios_base::beg);
												operands[0] << use(sum.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_-1,0) << " & " << operands[0].str();
												carrys.seekp(ios_base::beg);
												carrys << use(sum.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_+1, 2*chunkSize_) << " & " << zg(chunkSize_-1,0) << " & " << carrys.str();
						
							
												//setCycle(0);
							
												// compute the sum of four tiles (diagonal) starting from top-right going left
												for (int i=3; i<chX-1; i++)
													{
														setCycle(1);
														// first compute the 4 partial products
														for (int j=0; j<4; j++)
															{
																partialProd.str("");
																partialProd << "px" << i-j << "y" << j+4*level;
																vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(),2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use(join("x",i-j)) << " * " << use(join("y",j+4*level)) << ";" << endl;
															}
														setCycle(2);
														// add the 4 partial products
														sum.str("");
														sum << "addOp" << level << "_shift_" << i+4*level;
														vhdl << tab << declare(sum.str(),2*chunkSize_+2,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= (\"00\" & ";
							
														for (int j=0; j<4; j++)
															{
																partialProd.str("");
																partialProd << "px" << i-j << "y" << j+4*level;
																if (j == 0)
																	vhdl << use(partialProd.str());
																else
																	vhdl << ") + (\"00\" & " << use(partialProd.str());
															}
														vhdl << ");" << endl;
														setCycle(3);
														operands[i%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
														operands[i%2] << use(sum.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_-1,0) << " & " << operands[i%2].str();  
														carrys.seekp(ios_base::beg);
														carrys << use(sum.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_+1, 2*chunkSize_) << " & " << zg(chunkSize_-2,0) << " & " << carrys.str();
													}
						
												// compute the sum of four tiles (diagonal) going down to the bottom-left corner
												for (int j=4*level; j<chunksY-3; j++)
													{
														setCycle(1);
														// first compute the 4 partial products
														for (int i=0; i<4; i++)
															{
																partialProd.str("");
																partialProd << "px" << chX-i-1 << "y" << i+j;
																vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(),2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use(join("x",chX-i-1)) << " * " << use(join("y",i+j)) << ";" << endl; 
															}
														setCycle(2);
														// add the 4 partial products
														sum.str("");
														sum << "addOp" << level << "_shift_" << chX+j-1;
														vhdl << tab << declare(sum.str(), 2*chunkSize_+2,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= (\"00\" & ";
							
														for (int i=0; i<4; i++)
															{
																partialProd.str("");
																partialProd << "px" << chX-i-1 << "y" << i+j;
																if (i == 0)
																	vhdl << use(partialProd.str());
																else
																	vhdl << ") + (\"00\" & " << use(partialProd.str());
															}
														vhdl << ");" << endl;
														setCycle(3);
														operands[(j+chX-1)%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
														operands[(j+chX-1)%2] << use(sum.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_-1,0) << " & " << operands[(j+chX-1)%2].str(); 
														carrys.seekp(ios_base::beg);
														carrys << use(sum.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_+1, 2*chunkSize_) << " & " << zg(chunkSize_-2,0) << " & " << carrys.str();
													} 
						
												// bottom-left diagonal triplet
												setCycle(1);
												// first compute the 3 partial products
												for (int j=0; j<3; j++)
													{
														partialProd.str("");
														partialProd << "px" << chX-3+j << "y" << chunksY-1-j;
														vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(),2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use(join("x",chX-3+j)) << " * " << use(join("y",chunksY-1-j)) << ";" << endl; 
													}
												setCycle(2);
												// add the 3 partial products
												sum.str("");
												sum << "addOp" << level << "_shift_" << chunksY+chX-4;
												vhdl << tab << declare(sum.str(), 2*chunkSize_+2,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= (\"00\" & ";
						
												for (int j=0; j<3; j++)
													{
														partialProd.str("");
														partialProd << "px" << chX-3+j << "y" << chunksY-1-j;
														if (j == 0)
															vhdl << use(partialProd.str());
														else
															vhdl << ") + (\"00\" & " << use(partialProd.str());
													}
												vhdl << ");" << endl;
												setCycle(3);
												operands[(chX+chunksY-4)%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
												operands[(chX+chunksY-4)%2] << use(sum.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_-1,0) << " & " << operands[(chX+chunksY-4)%2].str();
												carrys.seekp(ios_base::beg);
												carrys << use(sum.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_+1, 2*chunkSize_) << " & " << zg(chunkSize_-2,0) << " & " << carrys.str();
						
												// bottom-left diagonal pair
												setCycle(1);
												partialProd2.str("");
												partialProd2 << "px" << chX-1 << "y" << chunksY-2;
												vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd2.str(),2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use(join("x",chX-1)) << " * " << use(join("y", chunksY-2)) << ";" << endl;
												partialProd.str("");
												partialProd << "px" << chX-2 << "y" << chunksY-1;
												vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(),2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use(join("x", chX-2)) << " * " << use(join("y", chunksY-1)) << ";" << endl;
												setCycle(2);
												sum.str("");
												sum << "addOp" << level << "_shift_" << chX+chunksY-3;
												vhdl << tab << declare(sum.str(), 2*chunkSize_+1,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= (\"0\" & " << use(partialProd.str()) << ") + (\"0\" & " << use(partialProd2.str()) << ");" << endl; 
												setCycle(3);
												operands[(chX+chunksY-3)%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
												operands[(chX+chunksY-3)%2] << zg((4*level+1)*chunkSize_ + startX*chunkSize_/2,0) << " & " << use(sum.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_-1,0) << " & " << operands[(chX+chunksY-3)%2].str();
												carrys.seekp(ios_base::beg);
												carrys << zg((4*level+1)*chunkSize_-1 + startX*chunkSize_/2,0) << " & " << use(sum.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_, 2*chunkSize_) << " & " << zg(chunkSize_-2,0) << " & " << carrys.str();
						
												// bottom-left tile
												setCycle(1);
												partialProd.str("");
												partialProd << "px"<< chX-1 << "y" << chunksY-1;
												vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(),2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use(join("x",chX-1)) << " * " << use(join("y", chunksY-1)) << ";" << endl;
												setCycle(3);
												operands[(chX+chunksY-2)%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
												operands[(chX+chunksY-2)%2] << zg(4*level*chunkSize_ + startX*chunkSize_/2,0) << " & " << use(partialProd.str()) << " & " << operands[(chX+chunksY-2)%2].str();
						
												// reinitialize the concatenation buffers for the next iteration of the while loop
												for (int i=0; i<2; i++)
													{
														setCycle(3);
														vhdl << tab << declare(join("addOp", opCount), adderWidth) << " <= " << operands[i].str() << endl;
														opCount++;
														operands[i].str("");
													}
												vhdl << tab << declare(join("addOp", opCount), adderWidth) << " <= " << carrys.str() << endl;
												opCount++;	
												carrys.str("");
						
												chX -= 4;
												level++;
											}
					
										i = level*4;	
										bool oneCol = true;		
										switch (chX)
											{
											case 1: // remaining tiles are in a single column
												if (verbose)
													cerr << ">IntMultiplier: Case 1: remaining tiles are in a single column" << endl;
							
												operands[i%2] << zg(level*4*chunkSize_ + start*chunkSize_/2,0) << ";";
												if (chunksY-i > 1) // then there are more than one tiles in the column
													{
														if (verbose)
															cerr << ">IntMultiplier: More than one tile in the column" << endl;
														operands[(i+1)%2] << zg((level*4+1)*chunkSize_ + start*chunkSize_/2,0) << ";";
														oneCol = false;
													}
							
												for (i=level*4; i<chunksY; i++)
													{
														setCycle(1);
														partialProd.str("");
														partialProd << "px0y" << i;
														vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(),2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use("x0") << " * " << use(join("y",i)) << ";" << endl;
								
														setCycle(3);
														operands[i%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
														operands[i%2] << use(partialProd.str()) << " & " << operands[i%2].str();
								
													}
							
												if (!oneCol) // then there are more than one tiles in the column
													{
														operands[i%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
														operands[i%2] << zg((level*4+1)*chunkSize_ + startX*chunkSize_/2,0) << " & " << operands[i%2].str();
														vhdl << tab << declare(join("addOp", opCount), adderWidth) << " <= " << operands[i%2].str() << endl;
														opCount++;
													}
							
												operands[(i+1)%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
												operands[(i+1)%2] << zg(level*4*chunkSize_ + startX*chunkSize_/2,0) << " & " << operands[(i+1)%2].str(); 
												vhdl << tab << declare(join("addOp", opCount), adderWidth) << " <= " << operands[(i+1)%2].str() << endl;
												opCount++;
								
												break;
											case 2: // remaining tiles are in 2 columns
												if (verbose)
													cerr << ">IntMultiplier: Case 2: remaining tiles are in 2 columns" << endl;
												setCycle(1);
												// top right tile
												partialProd.str("");
												partialProd << "px0y" << i;
												vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(),2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use("x0") << " * " << use(join("y", i)) << ";" << endl;
												setCycle(3);
												operands[i%2] << use(partialProd.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_-1,0) << " & " << zg((4*level)*chunkSize_ + start*chunkSize_/2,0) << ";";
												operands[(i+1)%2] << zg((4*level+1)*chunkSize_ + start*chunkSize_/2,0) << ";";
												carrys << zg((4*level+2)*chunkSize_+1 + start*chunkSize_/2,0) << ";";
							 
												while (i<chunksY-1) // diagonal pairs
													{
														setCycle(1);
														partialProd2.str("");
														partialProd2 << "px0y" << (i+1);
														vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd2.str(),2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use("x0") << " * " << use(join("y", i+1)) << ";" << endl;
														partialProd.str("");
														partialProd << "px1y" << i;
														vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(),2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use("x1") << " * " << use(join("y", i)) << ";" << endl;
														setCycle(2);
														sum.str("");
														sum << "addOp" << level << "_shift_" << (i+1);
														vhdl << tab << declare(sum.str(), 2*chunkSize_+1,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= (\"0\" & " << use(partialProd.str()) << ") + (\"0\" & " << use(partialProd2.str()) << ");" << endl; 
														setCycle(3);
														operands[(i+1)%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
														operands[(i+1)%2] << use(sum.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_-1,0) << " & " << operands[(i+1)%2].str();
														carrys.seekp(ios_base::beg);
														carrys << use(sum.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_, 2*chunkSize_) << " & " << zg(chunkSize_-1,0) << " & " << carrys.str();
						
														i++;			
													}
							
												// bottom-left tile
												setCycle(1);
												partialProd.str("");
												partialProd << "px1y" << i;
												vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(),2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use("x1") << " * " << use(join("y", i)) << ";" << endl;
							
												setCycle(3);
												operands[(i+1)%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
												operands[(i+1)%2] << zg((4*level)*chunkSize_ + startX*chunkSize_/2,0) << " & " << use(partialProd.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_-1,0) << " & " << operands[(i+1)%2].str();
							
												operands[i%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
												operands[i%2] << zg((4*level+1)*chunkSize_ + startX*chunkSize_/2,0) << " & " << operands[i%2].str();
												carrys.seekp(ios_base::beg);
												carrys << zg((4*level+1)*chunkSize_-1 + startX*chunkSize_/2,0) << " & " << carrys.str();
						
												// create operands for final sumation
												for (int j=0; j<2; j++)
													{
														setCycle(3);
														vhdl << tab << declare(join("addOp", opCount), adderWidth) << " <= " << operands[j].str() << endl;
														opCount++;
													}
												vhdl << tab << declare(join("addOp", opCount), adderWidth) << " <= " << carrys.str() << endl;
												opCount++;	
												break;
											case 3: // Remaining tiles are on 3 columns
												if (verbose)
													cerr << ">IntMultiplier: Case 3: Remaining tiles are on 3 columns" << endl;
							
												height = chunksY - i;
							
												switch (height)
													{
													case 0: break;
													case 1: // only one row
														if (verbose)
															cerr << ">IntMultiplier: " << tab << "Subcase 1: there is one row" << endl;
								
														operands[i%2] << zg(level*4*chunkSize_ + start*chunkSize_/2,0) << ";";
														operands[(i+1)%2] << zg((level*4+1)*chunkSize_ + start*chunkSize_/2,0) << ";";
							
														for (int j=0; j<3; j++) // each tile is computed and concatenated with an coresponding operand
															{
																setCycle(1);
																partialProd.str("");
																partialProd << "px" << j << "y" << i;
																vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(), 2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use(join("x",j)) << " * " << use(join("y",i)) << ";" << endl;
																setCycle(3);
																operands[(j+i)%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
																operands[(j+i)%2] << use(partialProd.str()) << " & " << operands[(j+i)%2].str();
															}
									
														operands[(3+i)%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
														operands[(3+i)%2] << zg((level*4+1)*chunkSize_ + startX*chunkSize_/2,0) << " & " << operands[(3+i)%2].str();
														vhdl << tab << declare(join("addOp", opCount), adderWidth) << " <= " << operands[(3+i)%2].str() << endl;
														opCount++;
									
														operands[(i+4)%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
														operands[(i+4)%2] << zg(level*4*chunkSize_ + startX*chunkSize_/2,0) << " & " << operands[(i+4)%2].str(); 
														vhdl << tab << declare(join("addOp", opCount), adderWidth) << " <= " << operands[(i+4)%2].str() << endl;
														opCount++;
														break;
													case 2: // two rows
														if (verbose)
															cerr << ">IntMultiplier: " << tab << "Subcase 2: there are two rows" << endl;
									
														operands[i%2] << zg(level*4*chunkSize_ + start*chunkSize_/2,0) << ";";
														operands[(i+1)%2] << zg((level*4+1)*chunkSize_ + start*chunkSize_/2,0) << ";";
														carrys << zg(level*4*chunkSize_,0) << ";";
														// top-right tile
														setCycle(1);
														partialProd.str("");
														partialProd << "px0y" << i;
														vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(), 2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use("x0") << " * " << use(join("y",i)) << ";" << endl;
														operands[i%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
														operands[i%2] << use(partialProd.str()) << " & " << operands[i%2].str();
									
														// diagonal tiles
														for (int j=0; j<2; j++)
															{
																setCycle(1);
																partialProd.str("");
																partialProd << "px"<< j+1 << "y" << i;
																vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(), 2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use(join("x",j+1)) << " * " << use(join("y",i)) << ";" << endl;
																partialProd2.str("");
																partialProd2 << "px"<< j << "y" << i+1;
																vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd2.str(), 2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use(join("x",j)) << " * " << use(join("y",i+1)) << ";" << endl;
										
																setCycle(2);
																sum.str("");
																sum << "addOpd" << level << "_shift_" << i+j+1;
																vhdl << tab << declare(sum.str(), 2*chunkSize_+1,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= (\"0\" & " << use(partialProd.str()) << ") + (\"0\" & " << use(partialProd2.str()) << ");" << endl; 
										
																setCycle(3);
																operands[(i+j+1)%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
																operands[(i+j+1)%2] << use(sum.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_-1,0) <<" & " << operands[(i+j+1)%2].str();
																carrys.seekp(ios_base::beg);
																carrys << use(sum.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_,2*chunkSize_) << " & " << zg(chunkSize_,0) << "&" << carrys.str();
															}
									
														// bottom-left tile
														setCycle(1);
														partialProd.str("");
														partialProd << "px2y" << i+2;
														vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(), 2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use("x2") << " * " << use(join("y",i+2)) << ";" << endl;
														setCycle(3);
														operands[(i+4)%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
														operands[(i+4)%2] << zg(level*4*chunkSize_ + startX*chunkSize_/2,0) << " & " << use(partialProd.str()) << " & " << operands[(i+4)%2].str();	
														operands[(i+5)%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
														operands[(i+5)%2] << zg((level*4+1)*chunkSize_ + startX*chunkSize_/2,0) << " & " << operands[(i+5)%2].str(); 
														carrys.seekp(ios_base::beg);
														carrys << zg((level*4+1)*chunkSize_-1 + startX*chunkSize_/2,0) << " & " << carrys.str();
														// create the operands for the final summation
														for (int j=0; j<2; j++)
															{
																vhdl << tab << declare(join("addOp", opCount), adderWidth) << " <= " << operands[j].str() << endl;
																opCount++;
															}
														vhdl << tab << declare(join("addOp", opCount), adderWidth) << " <= " << carrys.str() << endl;
														opCount++;	
														break;
													default: // more than 2 tiles
														if (verbose)
															cerr << ">IntMultiplier: " << tab << "Subcase 3: there are more than 2 rows" << endl;
									
														operands[i%2] << zg(level*4*chunkSize_ + start*chunkSize_/2,0) << ";";
														operands[(i+1)%2] << zg((level*4+1)*chunkSize_ + start*chunkSize_/2,0) << ";";
														carrys << zg((level*4+3)*chunkSize_ + start*chunkSize_/2,0) << ";";
									
														// top-right tile
														setCycle(1);
														partialProd.str("");
														partialProd << "px0y" << i;
														vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(), 2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use("x0") << " * " << use(join("y",i)) << ";" << endl;
														setCycle(3);
														operands[i%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
														operands[i%2] << use(partialProd.str()) << " & " << operands[i%2].str();
									
														// top-right diagonal pair
														setCycle(1);
														partialProd.str("");
														partialProd << "px1y" << i;
														vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(), 2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use("x1") << " * " << use(join("y",i)) << ";" << endl;
														partialProd2.str("");
														partialProd2 << "px0y" << i+1;
														vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd2.str(), 2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use("x0") << " * " << use(join("y",i+1)) << ";" << endl;
									
														setCycle(2);
														sum.str("");
														sum << "addOpd" << level << "_shift_" << i+1;
														vhdl << tab << declare(sum.str(), 2*chunkSize_+1,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= (\"0\" & " << use(partialProd.str()) << ") + (\"0\" & " << use(partialProd2.str()) << ");" << endl; 
									
														setCycle(3);
														operands[(i+1)%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
														operands[(i+1)%2] << use(sum.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_-1,0) << " & " << operands[(i+1)%2].str();
														carrys.seekp(ios_base::beg);
														carrys << "\"0\" & " << use(sum.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_,2*chunkSize_) << " & " << carrys.str(); 
														// sum of diagonal triplets from top to bottom
														while(i < chunksY-2)
															{
																setCycle(1);
																// first compute the 3 partial products
																for (int j=0; j<3; j++)
																	{
																		partialProd.str("");
																		partialProd << "px" << j << "y" << i+2-j;
																		vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(),2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use(join("x",j)) << " * " << use(join("y",i+2-j)) << ";" << endl; 
																	}
																setCycle(2);
																// add the 3 partial products
																sum.str("");
																sum << "addOp" << level << "_shift_" << i+2;
																vhdl << tab << declare(sum.str(), 2*chunkSize_+2,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= (\"00\" & ";
										
																for (int j=0; j<3; j++)
																	{
																		partialProd.str("");
																		partialProd << "px" << j << "y" << i+2-j;
																		if (j == 0)
																			vhdl << use(partialProd.str());
																		else
																			vhdl << ") + (\"00\" & " << use(partialProd.str());
																	}
																vhdl << ");" << endl;
																setCycle(3);
																operands[(i+2)%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
																operands[(i+2)%2] << use(sum.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_-1,0) << " & " << operands[(i+2)%2].str();
																carrys.seekp(ios_base::beg);
																carrys << use(sum.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_+1,2*chunkSize_) << " & " << zg(chunkSize_-2,0) << " & " << carrys.str();
								
																i++;
															}
									
														// bottom-left diagonal pair
														setCycle(1);
														partialProd.str("");
														partialProd << "px2y" << chunksY-2;
														vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(), 2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use("x2") << " * " << use(join("y",chunksY-2)) << ";" << endl;
														partialProd2.str("");
														partialProd2 << "px1y" << chunksY-1;
														vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd2.str(), 2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use("x1") << " * " << use(join("y",chunksY-1)) << ";" << endl;
									
														setCycle(2);
														sum.str("");
														sum << "addOpd" << level << "_shift_" << chunksY;
														vhdl << tab << declare(sum.str(), 2*chunkSize_+1,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= (\"0\" & " << use(partialProd.str()) << ") + (\"0\" & " << use(partialProd2.str()) << ");" << endl; 
									
														setCycle(3);
														operands[(i+2)%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
														operands[(i+2)%2] << zg((level*4+1)*chunkSize_ + startX*chunkSize_/2,0) << " & " << use(sum.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_-1,0) << " & " << operands[(i+2)%2].str();
														carrys.seekp(ios_base::beg);
														carrys << zg((level*4+1)*chunkSize_-1 + startX*chunkSize_/2,0) << " & " << use(sum.str()) << range(2*chunkSize_,2*chunkSize_) << " & " << zg(chunkSize_-2,0) << " & " << carrys.str(); 
														// bottom-left tile
														setCycle(1);
														partialProd.str("");
														partialProd << "px2y" << chunksY-1;
														vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(), 2*chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << use("x2") << " * " << use(join("y",chunksY-1)) << ";" << endl;
														setCycle(3);
														operands[(i+3)%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
														operands[(i+3)%2] << zg((level*4)*chunkSize_ + startX*chunkSize_/2,0) << " & " << use(partialProd.str()) << " & " << operands[(i+3)%2].str();
									
														// create the operands for the final summation
														for (int j=0; j<2; j++)
															{
																vhdl << tab << declare(join("addOp", opCount), adderWidth) << " <= " << operands[j].str() << endl;
																opCount++;
																operands[j].str("");
															}
														vhdl << tab << declare(join("addOp", opCount), adderWidth) << " <= " << carrys.str() << endl;
														opCount++;	
														carrys.str("");
														break;
													}
												break;
											}
					
										// REESTABLISH THE INITIAL VALUES FOR THESE VARIABLES
										chunksY = chunksY*2 + start;
										chunksX = chunksX*2 + leftColumn;
										chunkSize_ /=2;
										// HANDLE THE CHUNK SIZE PADDING IF NECESSARY
										operands[0].str("");
										operands[0] << "\"\";";
										operands[1].str("");
										operands[1] << zg(chunkSize_,0) << ";";
					
										bool halfPadded = false; // TRUE when there is either 
										//	a chunkSize width column on the left side of the tiling or 
										//	a chunkSize width row on the bottom side of the tiling 	
					
										if (start == 1) // then there is a chunkSize width row on the top side of the tiling
											{
												halfPadded = true;
						
												// compute and concatenate partial products from right to left
												for (k=0; k<chunksX; k++)
													{
														//setCycleFromSignal("sX");
														setCycle(0);
														ostringstream dname;
														dname << "xx" << k;
														vhdl << tab << declare(dname.str(),chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << "sX" << range((k+1)*chunkSize_-1, k*chunkSize_) << ";" << endl;
							
														//nextCycle();
														setCycle(1);
														ostringstream partialProd;
														partialProd  << "p" << "xx" << k << "y" << chunksY/2;
														vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(),2*chunkSize_) << " <= " << use(join("xx",k)) << " * " << use(join("y",chunksY/2)) << ";" << endl;
							
														//nextCycle();
														setCycle(3);
														operands[k%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
														operands[k%2] << use(partialProd.str()) << " & " << operands[k%2].str();
													}
						
											}
										else // padd operands with zeros
											{
												operands[0].seekp(ios_base::beg);
												operands[0] << zg((chunksX-1)*chunkSize_,0) << " & " << operands[0].str();
												operands[1].seekp(ios_base::beg);
												operands[1] << zg((chunksX-1)*chunkSize_,0) << " & " << operands[1].str();
											}
					
										if (leftColumn) // then there is a chunkSize width column on the left side of the tiling
											{
												halfPadded = true;
												//setCycleFromSignal("sX");
												setCycle(0);
												ostringstream dname;
												dname << "x" << chunksX-1;
												vhdl << tab << declare(dname.str(),chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << "sX" << range(chunksX*chunkSize_-1,(chunksX-1)*chunkSize_) << ";" << endl;
						
												for (k=start; k<chunksY; k++)
													{
														//setCycleFromSignal("sY");
														setCycle(0);
														dname.str("");
														dname << "yy" << k;
														vhdl << tab << declare(dname.str(),chunkSize_,true,Signal::registeredWithAsyncReset) << " <= " << "sY" << range((k+1)*chunkSize_-1, k*chunkSize_) << ";" << endl;
						
														//nextCycle();
														setCycle(1);
														ostringstream partialProd;
														partialProd  << "p" << "x" << chunksX-1 << "yy" << k;
														vhdl << tab << declare(partialProd.str(),2*chunkSize_) << " <= " << use(join("x",chunksX-1)) << " * " << use(join("yy",k)) << ";" << endl;
						
														//nextCycle();
														setCycle(3);
														operands[(k+chunksX+1)%2].seekp(ios_base::beg);
														operands[(k+chunksX+1)%2] << use(partialProd.str()) << " & " << operands[(k+chunksX+1)%2].str();
													}
							
											}
										else // padd operands with zeros
											{
												operands[0].seekp(ios_base::beg);
												operands[0] << zg((chunksY-1)*chunkSize_,0) << " & " << operands[0].str();
												operands[1].seekp(ios_base::beg);
												operands[1] << zg((chunksY-1)*chunkSize_,0) << " & " << operands[1].str();	
											}
					
										//setCycle(3);
					
										if (halfPadded) // then we add the two operands to the sum
											{
												if ((chunksX+chunksY-1)%2 == 0)
													{
														operands[0].seekp(ios_base::beg); 
														operands[0] << zg(chunkSize_,0) << " & " << operands[0].str(); 	
													}
												else
													{
														operands[1].seekp(ios_base::beg); 
														operands[1] << zg(chunkSize_,0) << " & " << operands[1].str(); 	
													}
						
												for (k=0; k<2; k++)
													{
														vhdl << tab << declare(join("addOp", opCount), adderWidth) << " <= " << operands[k].str() << endl;
														opCount++;
													}
											}
									}
							}	
			
						map<string, double> inMap;
						inMap["X0"] = delay;
	
						IntNAdder* add =  new IntNAdder(target, adderWidth, opCount, inMap);
						//IntCompressorTree* add =  new IntCompressorTree(target, adderWidth, opCount);
						oplist.push_back(add);


						for (int j=0; j<opCount; j++)
							{
								ostringstream concatPartialProd;
								concatPartialProd  << "addOp" << j;
				
								inPortMap (add, join("X",j) , concatPartialProd.str());
							}	
					
						inPortMapCst(add, "Cin", "'0'");
						outPortMap(add, "R", "addRes");
						vhdl << instance(add, "adder");

						syncCycleFromSignal("addRes");
			
						vhdl << tab << "R <= " << use("addRes")<<range(adderWidth-1,adderWidth-wInX_-wInY_) << ";" << endl;	
			
					}
			}
		/***************************************************************************
		 ***************************************************************************/
		else //IntMultiplier Version -- multiplication performed in LUTs
			{
				int chunkSize_ = target->lutInputs()/2;
				int chunksX =  int(ceil( ( double(wInX) / (double) chunkSize_) ));
				int chunksY =  int(ceil( ( double(wInY) / (double) chunkSize_) ));
		
				clog << "> IntMultiplier:  X splitted in "<< chunksX << " chunks and Y in " << chunksY << " chunks; " << endl;
				if (chunksX + chunksY > 2) { //we need more than 1 LUT
					int widthX = wInX_;
					int widthY = wInY_;	
	
					if (chunksX > chunksY){ //interchange X with Y
						int tmp = chunksX;
						chunksX = chunksY;
						chunksY = tmp;
				
						tmp = widthX;
						widthX = widthY;
						widthY = tmp;
		
						vhdl<<tab<<declare("sX",chunkSize_*chunksX)<<" <= "<<"Y"<<" & "<<zg(chunkSize_*chunksX-widthX,0)<< ";"<<endl;
						vhdl<<tab<<declare("sY",chunkSize_*chunksY)<<" <= "<<"X"<<" & "<<zg(chunkSize_*chunksY-widthY,0)<< ";"<<endl;	
					}else{
						vhdl<<tab<<declare("sX",chunkSize_*chunksX)<<" <= "<<"X"<<" & "<<zg(chunkSize_*chunksX-widthX,0)<< ";"<<endl;
						vhdl<<tab<<declare("sY",chunkSize_*chunksY)<<" <= "<<"Y"<<" & "<<zg(chunkSize_*chunksY-widthY,0)<< ";"<<endl;
					}
					//SPLITTINGS
					for (int k=0; k<chunksX ; k++)
						vhdl<<tab<<declare(join("x",k),chunkSize_)<<" <= "<<"sX"<<range((k+1)*chunkSize_-1,k*chunkSize_)<<";"<<endl;
					for (int k=0; k<chunksY ; k++)
						vhdl<<tab<<declare(join("y",k),chunkSize_)<<" <= "<<"sY"<<range((k+1)*chunkSize_-1,k*chunkSize_)<<";"<<endl;
    	

					//COMPUTE PARTIAL PRODUCTS
					for (int i=0; i<chunksY; i++)
						for (int j=0; j<chunksX; j++)
							vhdl<<tab<<declare(join("px",j,"y",i),2*chunkSize_)<<" <= "<< use(join("x",j))<<" * "
								 << use(join("y",i))<< ";" << endl;
	
					int adderWidth = (chunksX+chunksY)*chunkSize_;
					// CONCATENATE PARTIAL PRODUCTS
					for (int i=0; i<chunkSize_; i++){
						for (int j=0; j<chunksX; j++){
							vhdl << tab << declare(join("cp",i,j),adderWidth) << " <= ";
			
							int startIdx = chunksY-1-i;
							int paddWidth = adderWidth - 2*chunkSize_*(startIdx/chunkSize_+1);
							int endPaddWidth = chunkSize_*(j+startIdx%chunkSize_);
							vhdl << zg(paddWidth-endPaddWidth,0); 
			
							for (int k=startIdx; k>=0; k-=chunkSize_)
								vhdl << " & " << use(join("px",j,"y",k));
						
							vhdl << " & " << zg((startIdx<0?chunkSize_:endPaddWidth),0) << ";" << endl;
						}
					}
	
					IntNAdder* add =  new IntNAdder(target, adderWidth, chunksX*chunkSize_);
					oplist.push_back(add);
	
					for (int i=0; i<chunkSize_; i++)
						for (int j=0; j<chunksX; j++)
							inPortMap (add, join("X",i*chunksX+j) , join("cp",i,j));
			
					inPortMapCst(add, "Cin", "'0'");
					outPortMap(add, "R", "addRes");
					vhdl << instance(add, "adder");
					syncCycleFromSignal("addRes");
	
					vhdl<<tab<<"R<="<< use("addRes")<<range(adderWidth-1,adderWidth-wInX_-wInY_) << ";" << endl;		
				}
				else 
					vhdl << tab << "R <= X * Y ;" <<endl;
			}
	}

	IntMultiplier::~IntMultiplier() {
	}

	void IntMultiplier::emulate(TestCase* tc)
	{
		mpz_class svX = tc->getInputValue("X");
		mpz_class svY = tc->getInputValue("Y");

		mpz_class svR = svX * svY;

		tc->addExpectedOutput("R", svR);
	}
}
